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Bakhshandehfard H, Rabie H. (2024). A Technical Study on Manufacturing Technique and Corrosion Inspection of Bronze Age Metal Artifacts Excavated from Shahr-e Sukhteh Cemetery. JRA. 10(1), 13-32. doi:10.52547/jra.10.1.375
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-375-en.html

There are remains of an ancient city-state at a valuable site from the Bronze Age in Shahr-e Sukhteh, in, 56 km from Zabul in Sistan Baluchistan province. In the excavations of the cemetery of this area,  which was carried out under the supervision of SeyedSajjadi in Shahr-e Sukhte base, metal artifacts were found. During excavations, 13 metal samples were obtained from one of the graves, four of which were examined and studied in this research. The goals of this research include the study and investigation of the manufacturing methods, microstructure, and composite elements, as well as identifying the corrosion process and investigating the presence of active corrosion on the obtained artifacts. For this purpose, Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Metallography, Radiography, were used. Arsenic was detected in the results, along with zinc and lead. It can be inferred that, based on the elemental composition, the studied samples are relatively similar and probably originated from the same source. However, due to relatively high corrosion, this conclusion cannot be confirmed with certainty. The microstructural examination showed fine grain size and signs of hammering and annealing. Additionally, pathological investigations revealed holes and inclusions, and corrosion products such as Cuprite, Malachite, Paratacamite, and Atacamite were identified using XRD