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JRA 2022, 8(1): 67-82 |
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Kavosh H. Chronology of Tape Taleb Khan based on C14. JRA 2022; 8 (1) :67-82
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-321-en.html
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-321-en.html
Department of Archeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran , h.kavosh@uoz.ac.ir
Abstract: (1415 Views)
Over the past few decades, several excavations have been carried out in the Bronze Age sites of southeastern Iran, and the results of these studies have led to the compilation of a chronology of the region with a focus on the Shahr-i Sokhta. So far, most of the prehistoric research in Sistan has focused on the Shahr-i Sokhta, while in the archaeological survey in Sistan, there are more than 900 contemporary sites with the Shahr-i Sokhta in the southern plain of Sistan. To better understand of the cultures of Sistan in Bronze Age, some of the related-settlement to the Shahr-i Sokhta needs to be studied carefully. Although numerous archaeological and interdisciplinary studies have been conducted on the cultural finds of the Shahr-i Sokhta, there are still major problems in the absolute chronology of the region. Perhaps the main reason for this is the limitation of archaeological excavations and researches, the unpublished or incomplete publication of some excavation results and studies, and the lack of absolute dating to obtain an accurate chronology. Extensive and main archeological researches of Sistan in the past focused on Shahr-i Sokhta and today it is considered as the main basis of the chronology of the region. Fortunately, the research done by the author and other colleagues from the Department of Archeology of Zabol University in the related settlements of Shahr-i Sokhta has been able to help to some extent to analyze biological patterns and economic and social status and cultural interactions in the region. Due to the existing problems in recognizing the cultural features of the Bronze Age of Sistan plain and also educating the students of the Department of Archeology of Zabol University, Tape Talebkhan was excavated. One of the main objectives of the fifth season in this site was stratigraphy and relative and absolute dating. During the excavation, six settlement phases were identified, of which only four phases of architecture, including brick walls with right-angled spaces and a circular heated structure was obtained. Apart from architecture, other findings include pottery, human and animal figures, counting objects, metal, animal bones, and botanical remains. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the chronology of this area by analyzing cultural materials, especially pottery obtained from the excavation of this site and using the results of carbon 14. Considering the importance of the subject, the most important questions of this research are: What was the settlement sequence of Tape Taleb Khan? And what cultural periods does the region coincide with? What is the start and end date of the settlement in this site using the relative comparison of pottery and C14? And how can the C14 results of this site be used to explain the challenges in the chronology of the region? According to the questions raised, in this article, first the site will be introduced and its chronological sequence will be presented, then by comparing clay samples to relative chronology and cultural relations with other sites, and finally while presenting the results of C14 samples of this site, the challenges in the chronology of the region have been studied. For the absolute dating of the cultural deposits of Taleb Khan, 4 samples of charcoal were sent to the laboratory of the University of Oxford, the results of which show that this area was established around 2500 BC and continued until about 2300 BCE. Since the pottery finds from this site have many similarities to phases 1 and 0 of the Shahr-i Sokhta, it seems that the date is probably older than previously thought, between 2300 and 2200 BC should be considered for the end of the Shahr-i Sokhta settlement. At this time, important settlements such as Shahr-i Sokhta, Graziani and Talebkhan are abandoned.
Technical Note: Original Research |
Subject:
Archaeometry
Received: 2022/04/21 | Accepted: 2022/07/16 | Published: 2022/08/21 | ePublished: 2022/08/21
Received: 2022/04/21 | Accepted: 2022/07/16 | Published: 2022/08/21 | ePublished: 2022/08/21
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