سال 9، شماره 2 - ( 1402 )
سال 9 شماره 2 صفحات 123-97 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Iravani ghadim F, Amirnejad A. (2023). The Neo-Assyrian Settlements based on the Theory of Socio-Natural System with an Emphasis on Geographical Variables. JRA. 9(2), 97-123. doi:10.52547/jra.9.2.393
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-393-fa.html
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-393-fa.html
ایروانی قدیم فرشید، امیری نژاد امیر. سکونتگاه‌های آشورنو براساس نظریه سیستم اجتماعی-طبیعی با تاکیدبر متغیرهای جغرافیایی پژوهه باستان سنجی 1402; 9 (2) :123-97 10.52547/jra.9.2.393
1- گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2- گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران ،a.amirinejad@aui.ac.ir
2- گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران ،
چکیده: (1920 مشاهده)
به‌کارگیری سیستم اجتماعی- طبیعی و شناخت زیرسیستم‌های اصلی در تحلیل استقرارهای آشور نو کمتر موردتوجه بوده است، در این پژوهش تأثیر متغیرهای جغرافیایی به‌عنوان زیرسیستم اصلی در چارچوب سیستم اجتماعی- طبیعی در پراکنش استقرارهای آشور نو مسئله اصلی این پژوهش است؛ در این راستا سیستم اجتماعی در قالب عوامل اقتصادی شامل سیستم کشاورزی، مهاجرتی و عوامل طبیعی شامل در دسترس بودن منابع و متغیرهای جغرافیایی از دو منبع اصلی بررسی‌های باستان‌شناسی انجام‌شده از دهه 2000 م. به بعد و اسناد مکتوب مشتق می‌شود تا با ترکیب و تحلیل این یافته‌ها در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) به‌صورت کارگاهی به این سؤالات پاسخ دهند که الگوی اصلی استقرار و پراکندگی محوطه‌های باستانی در حوضه آبریز زاب بزرگ و کوچک چگونه است؟ سیستم اجتماعی- طبیعی به چه شکلی در پراکنش استقرارها نقش داشته است؟ نتایج نشان میدهد که الگوی اصلی استقرارها با توجه به منابع طبیعی در دسترس، احتمالاً به‌صورت خطی و پراکندگی محوطه‌ها به‌صورت ترکیبی است و سیاست‌های کشاورزی و مهاجرتی با توجه به عوامل جغرافیایی می‌تواند تأثیر مستقیمی در افزایش و تراکم استقرارهای آشور نو در حوضه آبریز زاب بزرگ و کوچک داشته باشد.
یاداداشت علمی: پژوهشي |
موضوع مقاله:
باستان سنجی
دریافت: 1402/10/13 | پذیرش: 1402/11/16 | انتشار: 1403/1/26 | انتشار الکترونیک: 1403/1/26
دریافت: 1402/10/13 | پذیرش: 1402/11/16 | انتشار: 1403/1/26 | انتشار الکترونیک: 1403/1/26
فهرست منابع
1. Abdulla, S. (2006). Rainfall Characteristics in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Center for strategic studies. Arbil.
2. Al-Saady, Y., Merkel, B., Al-Tawash, B., & Al-Suhail, Q. (2015). Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping and change detection in the Little Zab River Basin (LZRB), Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq and NW Iran. FOG-Freiberg Online Geoscience, 43.
3. Al-Shammari, A. A., & Al-Dabbas, M. A. (2015). Extraction Drainage Network for Lesser Zab River Basin from DEM using Model Builder in GIS. Iraqi Journal of Science, 56(4A), 2915-2926.
4. Altaweel, M. (2004). The Land of Ashur: a Study of Settlement and Landscape in the Assyrian Heartland (Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago).
5. Altaweel, M. (2008). The imperial landscape of Ashur: settlement and land use in the Assyrian heartland (Vol. 11). Heidelberger Orientverl.
6. Al-Timimi, Y. K., & Al-Jiboori, M. H. (2013). Assessment of spatial and temporal drought in Iraq during the period 1980-2010. Int. J. Energ. Environ, 4(2), 291-302.
7. Amrhein, A. (2015). Neo-Assyrian gardens: a spectrum of artificiality, sacrality and accessibility. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, 35(2), 91-114. [DOI:10.1080/14601176.2014.945832]
8. Anastasio, S. (2020). Building between the two rivers: an introduction to the building archaeology of ancient Mesopotamia. Building between the Two Rivers, 1-220. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctv15vwjhz]
9. Atici, L. (2014). Tracing Inequality from Assur to Kültepe/Kanesh: Merchants, Donkeys, and Clay Tablets. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World, 233-252. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvh1dr4j.15]
10. Bagg, A. M. (2000). Assyrische Wasserbauten: landwirtschaftliche Wasserbauten im Kernland Assyriens zwischen der 2. Hälfte des 2. Und der 1. Hälfte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr (Vol. 24). Von Zabern.
11. Barnett, R. D. (1976). Sculptures from the north palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (668-627 B.C.). London: British Museum Publications for the Trustees of the British Museum.
12. Birch, S., & Pinches, T. G. (1882-1992). The Bronze Ornaments of the Palace Gates of Balawat.
13. Bottema, S. (1995). Holocene vegetation of the Van area: palynological and chronological evidence from Söğütlü, Turkey. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 4, 187-193. [DOI:10.1007/BF00203937]
14. Bryson, R. A., & Bryson, R. U. (1997). High resolution simulations of regional Holocene climate: North Africa and the Near East. In Third millennium BC climate change and Old World collapse (p. 565-593). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-60616-8_25]
15. Casana, J. (2013). Radial route systems and agro-pastoral strategies in the Fertile Crescent: New discoveries from western Syria and southwestern Iran. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 32 (2), 257-273. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaa.2012.12.004]
16. Dalley, S., & Oleson, J. P. (2003). Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the water screw: the context of invention in the ancient world. Technology and culture, 44(1), 1-26. [DOI:10.1353/tech.2003.0011]
17. Dercksen, J. G. (2008). Observations on land use and agriculture in Kaneš. Old Assyrian studies in memory of Paul Garelli, 140-157.
18. Dercksen, J. G. (2009). Subsistence, surplus and the market for grain and meat at ancient Kanesh. Altorientalische Forschungen, 35(1), 86-102. [DOI:10.1524/aofo.2008.0008]
19. Dezső, T. (2021). The Rania Plain in the Neo-Assyrian Period. The archaeology of the raparin region, 9.
20. Eastwood, W. J., Leng, M. J., Roberts, N., & Davis, B. (2007). Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar, southwest Turkey. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 22(4), 327-341. [DOI:10.1002/jqs.1062]
21. Elayi, J. (2021). L'Empire assyrien: histoire d'une grande civilisation de l'Antiquité. Perrin.
22. Erle, L. (2011).The royal inscriptions of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (680-669 BC). Penn State Press.
23. Fairbairn, A. (2014). Preliminary archaeobotanical investigations of plant production, consumption, and trade at Bronze Age Kültepe-Kanesh. Artici L, Barjamovic G, Fairbairn A, Kulakoglu F. Current Research at Kultepe-Kanesh: An Interdisciplinary and Integrative Approach to Trade Networks, Internationalism, and Identity. Artici, L., Barjamovic G., Fairbairn A., Kulakoglu, F. ISD LLC, 177-194. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvvnd58.14]
24. Fales, F. (1995). Rivers in Neo-Assyrian Geography. Pp. 203-215.
25. Fales, F. M. (2002). Central Syria in the Letters to Sargon ii. Kein Land für sich allein, 134-152.
26. Fiorentino, G., Caracuta, V., Calcagnile, L., D'Elia, M., Matthiae, P., Mavelli, F., & Quarta, G. (2008). Third millennium BC climate change in Syria highlighted by carbon stable isotope analysis of 14C-AMS dated plant remains from Ebla. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 266(1-2), 51-58. [DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.034]
27. Frame G. (2021). The royal inscriptions of Sargon II, King of Assyria (721-705 BC). University Park, PA: Penn State University Press. [DOI:10.1515/9781646021499]
28. Fuchs, A. (1994). Die Inschriften Sargons II. Aus Khorsabad. Cuvillier.
29. Ghanavati, E., Talebpoor Asl, D., & Khezry, S. (2016). Assessment of the Impacts of Inter-Basin Water Transfer on the Bed River Morphology in the Origin Basin (Case study: Zab River Basin). Geography and Development, 14(44), 65-88. doi: 10.22111/gdij.2016.2721 [in Persian] قنواتی، عزت‌الله. طالب‌پور، اصل داود. خضری، سعید. (1395). ارزیابی آثار انتقال آب بین حوضه‌ای بر مورفولوژی بستر رودخانه در حوضه‌ی مبدأ مطالعه‌ی موردی: حوضه‌ی رودخانه‌ی زاب. فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعه.14(44): 65-88.
30. Giraud, J. (2016). Surface survey of the Dinka settlement complex, 2013-2015. Exploring the Neo-Assyrian Frontier with Western Iran: The 2015 Season at Gird-i Bazar and Qalat-i Dinka, 29-35.
31. Giraud, J., Baldi, J. S., Bonilauri, S., Mashkour, M., Lemée, M., Pichon, F., & Jameel, J. (2019). Human occupation along the foothills of Northwestern Zagros during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene in the Rania and Peshdar plains. First results of the French archaeological mission in the Governorate of Soulaimaniah (Iraqi Kurdistan). Paléorient. Revue pluridisciplinaire de préhistoire et de protohistoire de l'Asie du Sud-Ouest et de l'Asie centrale, (45-2), 85-119. [DOI:10.4000/paleorient.702]
32. Grayson AK, Novotny J. (2012). The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC), Part 1-2. Penn State Press.
https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv1bxh249 [DOI:10.1515/9781575066790]
33. Grayson, A. K. (1996). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (1114-859 BC). University of Toronto Press. [DOI:10.3138/9781442671072]
34. Greco, A. (2003). Zagros Pastoralism and Assyrian imperial expansion: a methodological approach. In Continuity of Empire? Assyria, Media, Persia (pp. 65-78). SARGON editrice e libreria.
35. Gunderson, L. H. (2000). Ecological resilience-in theory and application. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 31(1), 425-439. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.425]
36. Harmansah, Ö, & Shepherd, N. (2012). The location of theory: a discussion with Homi Bhabha. Archaeologies, 8, 52-54. [DOI:10.1007/s11759-012-9199-7]
37. Harmanşah, Ö. (2007). 'Source of the Tigris'. Event, place and performance in the Assyrian landscapes of the Early Iron Age. Archaeological dialogues, 14(2), 179-204. [DOI:10.1017/S1380203807002334]
38. Herr, J. J. (2018). Neo-Assyrian Settlements in Rania, Peshdar and Bngird. In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East; Volume 2: Prehistoric and Historical landscapes & Settlement Patterns (pp. 97-112). Harrassowitz Verlag. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvcm4fnh.9]
39. Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 4(1), 1-23. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245]
40. Holm, A., Salih, H., Ibrahim, B., Ali, N., & Ezat, B. (2002). Grazing systems and livestock production in the three northern Governorates of Iraq. A report of results of surveys by the FAO range program.
41. https://scholar.harvard.edu/jasonur/2016-field-season
42. https://scholar.harvard.edu/jasonur/2017-field-season.
43. Ismaiel IA. Assessment of surface water quality and quantity in Great Zab river catchment, in the Kurdish region of Iraq. Bangor University (United Kingdom); 2018.
44. Jacobsen, T, Lloyd, S. (1935). Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan. University of Chicago Press.
45. Jeffers, J. (2011). Fifth-campaign Reliefs in Sennacherib's "Palace without Rival" at Nineveh1. Iraq, 73, 87-116. [DOI:10.1017/S0021088900000097]
46. Jones, M. D., & Roberts, C. N. (2008). Interpreting Lake Isotope records of Holocene environmental change in the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary international, 181(1), 32-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.012]
47. K Khoshnaw, A. R. A. (2018). Water evaluation and planning system for greater Zab river basin.
48. Kalla, G. (2021). The Neo-Assyrian occupation of the tell settlement at Grd-i Tle in Iraqi Kurdistan. In: Dezső T. Kalla G. & Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem. (2021). the archaeology of the raparin region of iraqi Kurdistan: a review of results from the field and directions of further research. Elte Eötvös kiadó.
49. Khalesi, Y. M. A., & Al-Khalesi, Y. M. (1978). The court of the palms: a functional interpretation of the Mari palace (Vol. 8). Undena Publ.
50. Khwarahm, N. R. (2021). Spatial modeling of land use and land cover change in Sulaimani, Iraq, using multitemporal satellite data. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(3), 148. [DOI:10.1007/s10661-021-08959-6]
51. Koliński, R. (2012). report on the field activities of the upper greater zab archaeological reconnaissance project in year 2012. https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/116035/REPORT-UGZAR-2012.pdf. (Report). https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/116018/Karty_komplet-libre.pdf (Katalog Stanowisk, 2012).
52. Koliński, R. (2013). report on the field activities of the upper greater zab archaeological reconnaissance project in year 2013. https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/116098/REPORT2013-libre1.pdf. (Report)
53. Koliński, R. (2014). Report on the field activities of the upper greater zab archaeological reconnaissance project for the 2014 season. https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/116177/UGZAR-Report-2014cor.pdf
54. Koliński, R. (2015). Report on the field activities of the upper greater Zab archaeological reconnaissance project in year 2015 (Kurdish). https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/nauka/badania/historia-osadnicza-irackiego-kurdystanu/sezon-2015. (Report) https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/116016/CATALOGUE-OF-SITES-2015.pdf. (Katalog Stanowisk, 2015).
55. Koliński, R. (2016). Report on the field activities of the upper greater Zab archaeological reconnaissance project in year 2015. https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/nauka/badania/historia-osadnicza-irackiego-kurdystanu/sezon-2016. (Report) https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/116017/CATALOGUE-OF-SITES-2016.pdf. (Katalog Stanowisk, 2016).
56. Koliński, R. (2018). An archaeological reconnaissance in the Greater Zab area of the Iraqi Kurdistan (UGZAR) 2012-2015. In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient near East; Volume 2: Prehistoric and Historical landscapes & Settlement Patterns (pp. 13-26). Harrassowitz Verlag. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvcm4fnh.3]
57. Kolinski, R. (2019). Navkur Plain: Al-Hazir basin: catalogue of archaeological sites. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
58. Koliński, R. (2020). Catalogue of Archaeological Sites. Navkūr Plain: Kārbk Stream Basin. Harrassowitz Verlag. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctv1453kff]
59. Koliński, R. (2020). Catalogue of archaeological sites-Grdapān & Ākrê regions: plateaux: Grdapān, Ākrê & Prt-mountains: Ākrê, Sart & Prt. Harrassowitz Verlag. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctv1c9hm81]
60. Koliński, R. (2022). Catalogue of Archaeological Sites, the Greater Zab Valley: Left Bank, from the Bêxmê Gorge to Hancĩrūk Nūê: Right Bank, from the Bāstora Stream to the Bêxmê Gorge. Harrassowitz Verlag.
61. Kopanias, K., Beuger, C., Carter, T., Fox, S., Hadjikoumis, A., Kourtessi-Philippakis, G., & MacGinnis, J. (2013). The Tell Nader and Tell Baqrta Project in the Kurdistan region of Iraq: Preliminary report of the 2011 season. Subartu, 6, 23-57.
62. Kopanias, K., Beuger, C., MacGinnis, J., Ur, J., MacGinnis, J., Wicke, D., & Greenfield, T. (2016). The Tell Baqrta Project in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Provincial Archaeology of the Assyrian Empire. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 117-128.
63. Kühne, H. (2006). Neues zu Gärten in Assyrien. Baghdader Mitteilungen. 37:227-238. [DOI:10.1002/dibt.200690025]
64. Kuzucuoğlu, C., Dörfler, W., Kunesch, S., & Goupille, F. (2011). Mid-to late-Holocene climate change in central Turkey: The Tecer Lake record. The Holocene, 21(1), 173-188. [DOI:10.1177/0959683610384163]
65. Langendorfer, B. A. (2012). Who builds Assyria: nurture and control in Sennacherib's Great Relief at Khinnis (Doctoral dissertation).
66. Langgut, D., Finkelstein, I., & Litt, T. (2013). Climate and the Late Bronze collapse: new evidence from the southern Levant. Tel Aviv, 40(2), 149-175. [DOI:10.1179/033443513X13753505864205]
67. Langgut, D., Neumann, F. H., Stein, M., Wagner, A., Kagan, E. J., Boaretto, E., & Finkelstein, I. (2014). Dead Sea pollen record and history of human activity in the Judean Highlands (Israel) from the Intermediate Bronze into the Iron Ages (∼ 2500-500 BCE). Palynology, 38(2), 280-302. [DOI:10.1080/01916122.2014.906001]
68. Layard, A.H. (1853). The Monuments of Nineveh, London.
69. Lion, B., Michel, C., & Noël, P. (2000). Les crevettes dans la documentation du Proche-Orient ancien. Journal of cuneiform studies, 52(1), 55-60. [DOI:10.2307/1359685]
70. MacGinnis, J., & Kühne, H. (2018). Construction and Operation of canals in neo-Assyrian and neo-Babylonian sources. Ed. Hartmut Kühne, Water for Assyria, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 41-56. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvcm4fg3.7]
71. MacGinnis, J., Kamal Rasheed, K.R., & Awaz Jehad, A.H. (2021). The Assyrian fort at Usu Aska in Iraqi Kurdistan. In Dezső T. Kalla G. & Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem. (2021). the archaeology of the raparin region of iraqi kurdistan: a review of results from the field and directions of further research. Elte Eötvös kiadó.
72. Marti, L., Nicolle, C., (2016). New Researches on the Assyrian Heartland: The Bash Tapa Excavation Project. In (pp. 201-207).
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxrq0m8.10 [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvxrq0m8.10.]
73. Michel, C. (1997). À table avec les marchands paléo-assyriens. In: (H. Waetzold and H. Hauptmann (eds.), Assyrien im Wandel der Zeiten, HSAO 6, Heidelberg: Orient‐Verlag).
74. Miglus, P. A. (2011). Between the cultures: the central Tigris region from the 3rd to the 1st millennium BC
75. conference at Heidelberg, January 22nd-24th, 2009 (Vol. 14). Heidelberger Orientverl.
76. Mohammed, R., & Scholz, M. (2018). Climate change and anthropogenic intervention impact on the hydrologic anomalies in a semi-arid area: Lower Zab River Basin, Iraq. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(10), 357. [DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7537-9]
77. Morandi, D., Iamoni, M. (2015). Landscape and settlement in the eastern upper Iraqi Tigris and navkur plains: the land of Nineveh archaeological project, seasons 2012-2013. Iraq, 77, 9-39.
https://doi.org/10.1017/irq.2015.5 [DOI:10.1017/irq.2015.5.]
78. Mühl, S. (2013). Siedlungsgeschichte im mittleren Osttigrisgebiet. Vom Neolithikum bis in die neuassyrische Zeit. ADOG, 28. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvc16mx0]
79. Nasir, S. M., Kamran, K. V., Blaschke, T., & Karimzadeh, S. (2022). Change of land use/land cover in Kurdistan region of Iraq: A semi-automated object-based approach. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 26, 100713. [DOI:10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100713]
80. Neumann, J., & Parpola, S. (1987). Climatic change and the eleventh-tenth-century eclipse of Assyria and Babylonia. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 46(3), 161-182. [DOI:10.1086/373244]
81. Neumann, K. A. (2014). Resurrected and Reevaluated: The Neo-Assyrian Temple as a Ritualized and Ritualizing Built Environment. University of California, Berkeley.
82. Novotny, J, Jeffers, J. (2018). the Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668-631 BC), Assur-Etel-IlāNi (630-627 BC), and Sîn-Sarra-Iskun (626-612 Bc), Kings of Assyria.
83. Oates, D. (1968). Studies in the Ancient History of Northern Iraq. Published for The British Academy by The Oxford University press.
84. Odēd, B., & Oded, B. (1979). Mass deportations and deportees in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Reichert.
85. Pappi, C. (2018). The Land of Idu: City, Province, or Kingdom. State Arch. Assyria Bull, 24, 97-123.
86. Pappi, C., Kopanias, K., & MacGinnis, J. (2016). Satu Qala: an Assessment of the Stratigraphy of the Site. The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Oxford: Archaeopress, 297-307. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvxrq0m8.33]
87. Parpola, S. (1993). Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki University Press [State Archives of Assyria 10], Helsinki.
88. Parpola, S. (1987). The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West.
89. Parpola, S., Porter, M. (2001). The Helsinki atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian period. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:127018304.
90. Paterson, A. (1917). Assyrian sculptures palace of Sinacherib. Martinus Nijhoff.
91. Pfälzner, P. (2016). The eastern Ḫabur archaeological survey in Iraqi Kurdistan: a preliminary report on the 2014 season. Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie, 9, 1-69.
92. Pfälzner, P., & Qasim, H. A. (2017). The first and second seasons of the German-Kurdish excavations at Bassetki in 2015 and 2016. Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie, 10, 10-43.
93. Pfälzner, P., & Sconzo, P. (2016). From the banks of the Upper Tigris River to the Zagros Highlands. The first season (2013) of the Tübingen Eastern Ḫabur Archaeological Survey. The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions, 323. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvxrq0m8.35]
94. Pfälzner, P., HA, Q., Sconzo, P., & Puljiz, I. (2017). Report on the first season of German-Kurdish excavations at Muqable in 2015. Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie, 10, 53-75.
95. Pfälzner, P., Sconzo, P., & Puljiz, I. (2015). First results of the eastern Habur archaeological survey in the Dohuk region of Iraqi Kudistan: the season of 2013. Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie, 8, 90-122.
96. Pieńkowska, A., Szeląg, D., Zych, I., & Bieliński, P. (2019). Stories told around the fountain: papers offered to Piotr Bieliński on the occasion of his 70th birthday. University of Warsaw Press. [DOI:10.31338/uw.9788323541714]
97. Radner, K. (2018). The "Lost tribes of Israel" in the context of the resettlement programme of the Assyrian Empire. (pp. 101-124). [DOI:10.1515/9783110566604-006]
98. Radner, K. (2015). Ancient Assyria: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/actrade/9780198715900.001.0001]
99. Radner, K., & Marriott, J. (2015). Sustaining the Assyrian army among friends and enemies in 714 BCE. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 127-143. (pp. 127-43). [DOI:10.5615/jcunestud.67.2015.0127]
100. Radner, K., Kreppner, F. J., & Squitieri, A. (2016). Exploring the Neo-Assyrian Frontier with Western Iran: The 2015 Season at Gird-i Bazar and Qalat-i Dinka (Vol. 1). PeWe-Verlag.
101. Radner, K., Kreppner, F. J., & Squitieri, A. (2016). Exploring the Neo-Assyrian Frontier with Western Iran: The 2015 Season at Gird-i Bazar and Qalat-i Dinka (Vol. 1). PeWe-Verlag. (pp. 17-22).
102. Radner, K., Kreppner, F. J., & Squitieri, A. (2017). Unearthing the Dinka Settlement Complex: The 2016 Season at Gird-i Bazar and Qalat-i Dinka (Vol. 2). PeWe-Verlag.
103. Radner, K., Kreppner, F. J., & Squitieri, A. (2018). The Dinka Settlement Complex 2017: The Final Season at Gird-i Bazar and First Work in the Lower Town (Vol. 3). PeWe-Verlag.
104. Radner, K., Squitieri, A., & Kreppner, F. J. (2019). The Dinka Settlement Complex 2018: Continuing the Excavations at Qalat-i Dinka and the Lower Town (Vol. 4). PeWe-Verlag.
105. Rasool, M.Q. (2021). Geographical Analysis of Heat and Cold Waves and Their Impact on Agriculture Needs in Kurdistan Region. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education at Koya University.
106. Reade, J. (1978). Studies in Assyrian geography (suite). Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale, 72 (2), 157-180.
107. Reade, J. E. (1970). The Design and Decoration of Neo-Assyrian Public Buildings (Doctoral dissertation).
108. Renger, J. (1990). Rivers, watercourses and irrigation ditches. Bulletin on Sumerian agriculture. 5(Part 2):31-46.
109. Roberts N. Reed J. Leng M. Kuzucuoglu C. Fontugne M. Bertaux J. Woldring H. Bottema S. Black S. Hunt E. & Karabiyikoglu M. (2001). The tempo of Holocene climatic change in the eastern Mediterranean region: new high-resolution crater-lake sediment data from central Turkey. The Holocene, 11(6), 721-736. [DOI:10.1191/09596830195744]
110. Saber, S. A. Hamza, H., Altaweel M. (2014). Report on the excavations at tells sitak: the 2010 season. Iraq 205-229. [DOI:10.1017/irq.2014.4]
111. Sabloff, J. A., & Ashmore, W. (2001). An aspect of archaeology's recent past and its relevance in the new millennium. Archaeology at the millennium: A sourcebook, 11-32. [DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-72611-3_2]
112. Saeedrashed, Y., & Guven, A. (2013). Estimation of geomorphological parameters of Lower Zab River-Basin by using GIS-based remotely sensed image. Water resources management, 27, 209-219. [DOI:10.1007/s11269-012-0179-x]
113. Schachner, A. (2006). An den Ursprung des Tigris schrieb ich meinen Namen-Archäologische Forschungen am Tigris-Tunnel. Antike Welt, 37, 77-83.
114. Schachner, A., & Wolff, C. (2007). Bilder eines Weltreichs: kunst-und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zu den Verzierungen eines Tores aus Balawat (Imgur-Enlil) aus der Zeit vom Salmanassar III, König von Assyrien (Vol. 20). Brepols.
115. Schilman, B., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Kagan, E. J., & Almogi-Labin, A. (2002). Sea-land paleoclimate correlation in the Eastern Mediterranean region during the late Holocene. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 51. [DOI:10.1560/504G-007U-5NKY-GUN1]
116. Scholz, R. W. (2011). Environmental literacy in science and society: from knowledge to decisions. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511921520]
117. Schurtz, M. W. (2022). Like a Snake in Difficult Mountains: A Historical and Archaeological Analysis of the Character and Origin of the Iron Age Kingdom of Muṣaṣir (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania).
118. Simi, F. (2019). The Tell Gomel archaeological survey: surface research and off-site investigations in the heart of the Navkur plain, Iraqi Kurdistan.
119. Simonet, G. (1977). Irrigation de piémont et économie agricole à Assur. Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale, 71(2), 157-168.
120. Sinha A. Kathayat G. Weiss H. Li H. Cheng H. Reuter J. Schneider A. W. Berkelhammer M. Adalı S. F. Stott L. D. & Edwards R. L. (2019). Role of climate in the rise and fall of the neo-Assyrian empire. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax6656. [DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aax6656]
121. Skuldbøl, T.B.B., Colantoni, C., Hald, M.M., Makinson, M., Masoumian, M., Brahe, H., Brahe, S. (2021). Gird-i Gulak. A Neo-Assyrian fort on the eastern frontier of Assyria. A salvage project by the Danish Archaeological Expedition to Iraq. In: Dezső T. Kalla G. & Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem. (2021). the archaeology of the raparin region of iraqi Kurdistan: a review of results from the field and directions of further research. Elte Eötvös kiadó.
122. Soldt, W. H., Pappi, C., Wossink, A., Hess, C. W., & Ahmed, K. M. (2013). Satu QALA: A preliminary report on the seasons 2010-2011. Anatolica, 39, 197-239.
123. Sorrel, P., & Mathis, M. (2016). Mid-to late-Holocene coastal vegetation patterns in Northern Levant (Tell Sukas, Syria): Olive tree cultivation history and climatic change. The Holocene, 26(6), 858-873. [DOI:10.1177/0959683615622555]
124. Spunaugle, A. (2020). Empire and Ethnicity: A Social History of Deportation in Assyria and Kardunias during the First Millennium BCE (Doctoral dissertation).
125. Squitieri, A. (2020). Towards an understanding of the Assyrian Empire's defence strategies in the East, a case study from the Peshdar Plain (Dinka Settlement Complex and Gawr Miran). In: Hasegawa, Shuichi and Radner, Karen (eds.): The Reach of the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires Case studies in Eastern and Western Peripheries. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 111-136. [DOI:10.13173/9783347114776_111]
126. Stevens, L. R., Ito, E., Schwalb, A., & Wright, H. E. (2006). Timing of atmospheric precipitation in the Zagros Mountains inferred from a multi-proxy record from Lake Mirabad, Iran. Quaternary research, 66(3), 494-500. [DOI:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.008]
127. Tadmor, H, Yamada, S. (2011). The royal inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC), and Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), kings of Assyria. Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbraun.
https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv1bxh207 [DOI:10.1515/9781575066578]
128. Thünen, J. (1826). Der isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie.
129. Tsuneki, A., Rasheed, K., Saber, S. A., Nishiyama, S., Anma, R., Ismail, B. B., Hasegawa, A., Tatsumi, Y., Miyauchi, Y., Jammo, S., Makino, M., & Kudo, Y. (2015). Excavations at qalat said ahmadan slemani iraq-kurdistan: first interim report (2014 season). Al-RAFIDAN, 36, 1-63. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845762645578880.
130. Tsuneki, A., Rasheed, K., Saber, S. A., Nishiyama, S., Watanabe, N., Greenfield, T., Ismail, B. B., Tatsumi, Y., & Minami, M. (2016). Excavations at qalat said ahmadan, qaladizah, Iraq-kurdistan: second interim report (2015 season). Al-rafidan, 37, 89-142. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282812694296832.
131. Ülgen, U. B., Franz, S. O., Biltekin, D., Çagatay, M. N., Roeser, P. A., Doner, L., & Thein, J. (2012). Climatic and environmental evolution of Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last∼ 4700 years. Quaternary International, 274, 88-101. [DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.016]
132. Ur JA, Blossom J, Wright D, Harder C. (2019). Mapping Ancient Landscapes. GIS for Science: Applying Mapping and Spatial Analytics. (pp. 142-165).
133. Ur, J. (2016). The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2016 Season, Erbil.
134. Ur, J. (2017). The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2017 Season, Erbil.
135. Ur, J. A., & Reade, J. (2015). The hydraulic landscape of Nimrud. Mesopotamia. (pp. 25-51).
136. Ur, J., & Giraud, J. (2020). Vers une histoire du peuplement de la plaine d'Erbil. In Arbela Antiqua: Actes du colloque international d'Erbil (7-10 avril 2014) tenu sous la présidence de Zidan Bradosty, Arbèles antique-Histoire d'Erbil pré-islamique (pp. 59-75).
137. Ur, J., De Jong, L., Giraud, J., Osborne, J. F., & MacGinnis, J. (2013). Ancient cities and landscapes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2012 season1. Iraq, 75, 89-117. [DOI:10.1017/S0021088900000425]
138. Verdellet, C. (2018). Les piémonts du Zagros au Bronze ancien: une étude céramique (Doctoral dissertation, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne-Paris I).
139. Verheyden, S., Nader, F. H., Cheng, H. J., Edwards, L. R., & Swennen, R. (2008). Paleoclimate reconstruction in the Levant region from the geochemistry of a Holocene stalagmite from the Jeita cave, Lebanon. Quaternary Research, 70(3), 368-381. [DOI:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.05.004]
140. Vita-Finzi, C., Higgs, E. S., Sturdy, D., Harriss, J., Legge, A. J., & Tippett, H. (1970, December). Prehistoric economy in the Mount Carmel area of Palestine: site catchment analysis. In Proceedings of the prehistoric society (Vol. 36, pp. 1-37). Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/S0079497X00013074]
141. Weber, M. C. (2017). Changing Environments, Social Adaptations, Divergent Trajectories: The Application of Socio-Natural Systems Thinking and Geospatial Modeling to the Late Bronze/Iron Age Transition in West-Central Syria, ca. 1350-750 BCE. University of California, Berkeley.
142. Wilkinson, T. J. (2005). Approaches to modelling archaeological site territories in the Near East. Nonlinear Models for Archaeology and Anthropology, Ashgate, Hampshire, 123-138.
143. Ziegler, N. (2002). Le royaume d'Ekallâtum et son horizon géopolitique. Na. 7:211-274.
| بازنشر اطلاعات | |
 |
این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است. |
