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Harandi D, Javani M. (2025). Identification of Materials Used in the Decorations and Portrait Painting of the Hezarpisheh Wooden Box Through A Multi-Analytical Methods. JRA. 11(1), doi:10.61186/jra.11.1.441
URL: http://jra-tabriziau.ir/article-1-441-en.html

The Hezarpisheh wooden box, considered one of the earliest forms of packaging in Iran, holds significant artistic and historical value. This study investigates the materials used in the decoration and portrait painting of a wooden box attributed to the late Qajar period. A multi-analytical and non-invasive approach was employed, including Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Polarized Light Microscopy. The results revealed the use of white lead (sefidab-e Sheikh) for the white pigment, and the red pigment used in the portrait was identified as red lead. Based on the absorption bands at 832 and 351 cm⁻¹ in the Raman spectrum, which are attributable to lead chromate and correspond with reference spectra, it is likely that chrome green was used in the green-painted areas of the box. The decorative framing elements were identified as a metal alloy composed of gold and copper. The frame decorations were created using metallic powder particles made from this gold-copper alloy. Furthermore, FTIR analysis identified the presence of alkyd resin as the varnish layer, an industrial material that became commonly used in Iran from the early 20th century.